ubuntu 19/20 使用wifi 连接网络 树莓派 Netplan

如果你是Linux 的老鸟了，那么你可以直接略过，Linux（Ubuntu）菜鸟可以一起看看，避免我踩过的坑。

在树莓派3B上安装Ubuntu Server 19.10，因为在Ubuntu18开始就是使用了Netplan工具来管理网络，说实话我之前一直没有用过这个工具，所以为了弄好这个我大致花了1.5个工作日才搞定固定IP地址的配置。在树莓派上的有线网卡（eth0）和无线网卡（wlan0）都配置了固定IP地址。

下面直接贴出我的配置文件内容，并加以了注释说明，重要的是看下我贴出的图片的效果，注意里面的绿色的英文，只有在正确的情况才会是这样，如果不是就表示你在某个地方错了。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
sudo vim /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
       #*.50-cloud-init.yaml文件有可能你不是这个名字，但是请记住.yaml结尾

 # This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
            eth0:
                    addresses:
                            - 172.16.1.253/24#IP地址，这里不要使用类似于“255.255.255.0”的方法而是直接指定掩码位数24为（/24）
                    gateway4: 172.16.1.1
                    nameservers:
                            addresses: [172.16.1.1,8.8.8.8] #DNS服务器地址，有多个的情况请使用英文的逗号隔开
    wifis:
            wlan0:
                    dhcp4: no  #可以使用true 就不用配置下面的address、gateway4、nameservers了
                    dhcp6: no  #可以使用true 
                    addresses: [172.16.1.252/24] #IP地址，这里不要使用类似于“255.255.255.0”的方法而是直接指定掩码位数24为（/24）
                    gateway4: 172.16.1.1
                    nameservers:
                            addresses: [172.16.1.1,8.8.8.8]#DNS服务器地址，有多个的情况请使用英文的逗号隔开
                    access-points:
                            "zczl": #无线网络的SSID
                                    password: "123456" #无线网络的密码

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo netplan --debug apply #netplan检查配置文件情况，如果没有问题就会输入下面的结果，如果有问题就会报错。
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.344: Processing input file /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml..
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.345: starting new processing pass
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.346: wlan0: adding wifi AP 'zczl'
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.346: wlan0: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.346: Configuration is valid
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.347: eth0: setting default backend to 1** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.347: Configuration is valid** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.348: Generating output files..
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.349: NetworkManager: definition eth0 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.349: wlan0: Creating wpa_supplicant configuration file run/netplan/wpa-wlan0.conf
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.350: Creating wpa_supplicant service enablement link /run/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service.wants/[email protected]
** (generate:16726): DEBUG: 12:53:29.351: NetworkManager: definition wlan0 is not for us (backend 1)(generate:16726): GLib-DEBUG: 12:53:29.351: posix_spawn avoided (fd close requested) 
DEBUG:netplan generated networkd configuration changed, restarting networkd
DEBUG:no netplan generated NM configuration existsDEBUG:eth0 not found in {}
DEBUG:wlan0 not found in {}
DEBUG:Merged config:
    network:  
        bonds: {}  
        bridges: {}  
        ethernets:
            eth0:
                  addresses:
                  - 172.16.1.253/24
                  gateway4: 172.16.1.1      
                  nameservers:        
                      addresses:        
                          - 172.16.1.1        
                          - 8.8.8.8  
            vlans: {}  
            wifis:    
                wlan0:      
                    access-points:        
                        zczl:          
                        password: hz123456      
                        addresses:      
                        - 172.16.1.252/24      
                        dhcp4: false      
                        dhcp6: false      
                        gateway4: 172.16.1.1      
                        nameservers:        
                            addresses:        
                            - 172.16.1.1        
                            - 8.8.8.8
DEBUG:Skipping non-physical interface: lo
DEBUG:device eth0 operstate is up, not changing
DEBUG:device wlan0 operstate is dormant, not changingDEBUG:{}
DEBUG:netplan triggering .link rules for loDEBUG:netplan triggering .link rules for eth0
DEBUG:netplan triggering .link rules for wlan0


 sudo netplan apply   #应用配置

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